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Minutes of Meeting NC-170 Multi-State Project Kansas City, MO September 26-27, 2002 NC-170: Occupational Safety and Health Through the Use
of Protective Clothing List serve address: NC170@iastate.edu NC-170 Web page: http://txnc170.human.cornell.edu/
Members in Attendance: Mastura Raheel (Illinois), Janis
Stone (Iowa), Anugrah Shaw (Maryland), Ann Slocum (Michigan),
Charlotte Coffman (New York), Kay Obendorf (New York), Donna Branson
(Oklahoma), Margaret Rucker (California), Mary Winter, (Iowa,
Administrative Adviser), and Gladys Vaughn (USDA-CSREES Representative)
1. Members Absent: None 2. Guest Present: Ajoy Sarkar (Colorado) and Susan
Ashdown (New York) 3. Adopted Agenda Thursday September 26 and Friday
September 27.
• Call to Order, Announcements,
Agenda approval, Dr. Margaret Rucker • Introduction and
comments from Dr. Winter, Administrative Advisor, and Dr. Vaughn,
USDA-CSREES Representative. • Date and place for
Annual Meeting 2003 • Election of Officers
for 2003 • State Progress Reports • Discussion of the
new project • Objective group
discussions for new project • Meeting adjourns
September 27, Noon 4. Dr. Rucker called the meeting to order and welcomed Dr. Winter, Administrative Adviser, and Dr. Vaughn, CSREES representative. 5. Dr. Vaughn explained the restructuring at USDA-CSREES.
She noted two new offices have been established, one for Planning
and Accountability and one for Multicultural Alliances.
She congratulated the group on the successful approval of the new project, “NC-170 Mediating Exposure to Environmental Hazards Through Textile Systems” which was approved by CSREES for October 1, 2002 through September 20, 2007. Dr. Vaughn provided copies of the following memos for information and to assist in project management. • A letter from Cheryl J. Oros, Director of Planning and Accountability, on behalf of the Regional Directors Association recommending approval of the NC-170 project. • A memo from Lizzette Williams, Program Specialist in Planning and Accountability/MRO re: Participation in New and Revised MRF Project. • A memo from Gary L. Cunningham re: New Format for Multistate Research Project Addenda with attachment regarding addition of member states to the project. • A memo from Colien Hefferan re: “Implementation of Sections 7202 and 7204 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 Regarding the Carryover of Hatch Act and Section 1445 Funds. Dr. Vaughn said there is a new format for CRIS reports which will be submitted electronically and that multi-state projects will have continuing review. 6. Dr. Winter said that the new project received good reviews and that the annual report this year is not a terminal report, but an annual report that shows accomplishments in a broader way than just for the past year. Dr. Winter circulated a memo concerning the AD-416 and AD-417 forms from the Iowa project. She noted that each researcher should get these reports filed with their AES Director who in turn must do paperwork in support of the project. The title must be as approved and only the objectives that the state is participating in should be listed. 7. Dr. Anugrah Shaw was nominated and elected on a unanimous ballot as Chair for the coming year. Dr. Kay Obendorf was elected as secretary. 8. The next annual meeting will be in San Diego, CA. The dates of the next annual meeting will be September 18-19, 2003, pending availability of the hotel. Dr. Rucker will do local arrangements. 9. State project reports were given, based on previously e-mailed
reports. Researchers pointed out work completed, in process,
and/or planned cooperatively with other agencies. 10. NYC reported on the NC-170 web site and distributed
each member’s web-page reference list for updating.
In the past, project members agreed to post 12 most important
refereed publications. Members should update their list
and submit in the same bibliographic style as currently posted
on the web. Friday, September 27, 2002. 8:30 a.m. 11. Members met in objective groups to summarize accomplishments
of current project and address the agenda for the new project. 12. At 10 a.m. the whole committee reconvened to discuss
remaining issues from the previous project that will be summarized
in the annual report and posted on the web. The annual report
will be prepared by the incoming Chair as is customary in this
group. Items mentioned were: • ASTM acceptance of standard ASTM-F2130-01, the pipette
method of contamination. • The acceptance by ISO of the ASTM-F1230-01 as a working
document for the first round of evaluation that has been submitted
by MD. • IL completion of PPE integrity studies. 13. Dr. Rucker led a discussion of the key objectives
and timelines for the new project. Objective 1. To improve protection and human factor
performance of PPE through product development. Susan Ashdown
is the contact for this objective. Items that will be addressed
during the first year were summarized: Product development • NYC plans work on body scanning and sun hat performance.
NYC will investigate software solutions for body scan data, purchase
software, and collect literature on currently available coverall
design for workers. NYC and CA will collect images
of worker positions during work in vineyards and selected row-crops.
All states will submit images as appropriate. • OK plans to do pilot testing of a body scan of an existing
cooling vest. • TX & NE will be consulted for their contributions. Human factors • OK will determine the thermal resistance of selected
fabrics in the MD database. • OK plans to conduct thermal mannequin testing of a prototype
cooling garment. • MI will pilot test dosimetry process to measure ultraviolet
exposure. • MI will use body scanning procedures to pilot test evaluation
of sun hat effectiveness. Protection study • CO will analyze fabrics in the MD data base to determine
ultraviolet protective factor and will correlate the resulting
data with the chemical retention data that is already available. Objective 2. To examine user acceptance and
barriers to acceptance of PPE products and practices. Jan
Stone is the contact for this objective. • NYC and IA will work on the glove liner study.
After human subjects approval is received, data will be collected
and the analysis begun. • NYC, IA, and MI will work on the Agricultural Engineering/PPE
survey of applicators. Additional sample groups will be
identified and additional data gathered to provide a better understanding
of substitution relationships. The brochure and exhibit
previously prepared in NYC will be used in IA. Product acceptability The analysis of product acceptability that will follow the development of prototype garments as part of Objective 1 will not be addressed this year. • OK will conduct focus group interviews to gather
input on acceptability of design for cooling garments. Objective 3. To develop performance specifications
for protective clothing materials. Anugrah Shaw is the contact
for this objective. • MD, NYC, and IL will collect existing performance
specifications and other documents that may assist in development
of performance specifications for whole-body garments, such as
information on the toxicity of pesticide formulations. • MO, NYC, and IL will work on development and validation
of challenge liquids for performance specifications. • MS, NYC, and IL will work on development of alternate
methods of measuring repellency, retention, & penetration
of challenge liquids and pesticides. 14. Dr. Winter again pointed out that the minutes and
annual report of the NC-170 meeting are due within 60 days after
the meeting. She reminded the
group that the mid-term review of the new project would occur
after the second full year of the project, therefore it would
be due by the January 2005 NCA-5 meeting. She requested that the SAES 422 Report (the
Annual Report) should list major accomplishments by objective
in a bullet format because this report will be put on the website.
Significant accomplishments from each researcher should be prepared
in bullet format in lay language. The report should be succinct
and speak to stakeholder’s concerns. This project should
show completion making clear the new start with the new project.
It should be a quick reference for administrators who represent
the group. Refereed publications listed in the annual report
should include only the current year.
A memo with the URL of the annual
report will be submitted to administrators and will replace the
paper copies of the past. 15. Anugrah Shaw agreed to prepare
the statements for Objective 4 as an example and send them to
the group by October 31. Discussion
led to the decision that all researchers will prepare a list of
their refereed publications for the 5-year duration of the previous
project in the format currently used on the NC-170 website. These
will be sent to Charlotte Coffman in alpha order by author for
posting on the web as a summary list to bring closure and visibility
to the just-ended project. 16. Dr. Winter again mentioned that CRIS 417 forms
for new project are on the web and must be completed by each researcher
at each state. Dr. Winter has the passwords needed to get into
that site. She again noted that the minutes and annual report
are due within 60 days—before Thanksgiving. 17. Dr. Stone mentioned the recent
e-mail from Dr. Crown in Alberta, Canada who had expressed an
interest in joining the project. Dr. Winter said that Dr. Crown’s
application will be submitted to the Administrative Adviser (Dr.
Winter) for the project and then the group could vote by e-mail
to admit Alberta to the project. 18. The committee expressed its appreciation to Dr. Rucker
for her leadership in writing the new project and shepherding
it through its many revisions. Also, the committee expressed
its thanks to Dr. Winter for her guidance, leadership, and expertise
and to Dr. Vaughn for her continuing interest and support. Meeting adjourned at 11 a.m. Responsible Individual(s):
Appendix A Abbreviated State Reports of NC-170 Committee January 1, 2002- December 31, 2002
Development of a statistical model to predict the level of protection provided by PPE materials against liquid pesticides: Predictive statistical models were developed to estimate pesticide
penetration through woven fabrics used as chemical protective
clothing for pesticide applicators.We studied the effects of liquid
pesticide and fabric parameters on pesticide penetration. Four
woven fabrics of two fiber types, cotton and polyester, and three
fabric geometries and solutions of atrazine and pendimethalin
in three formulations were included in this study. Standard methods
of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) were
used to measure fabric and pesticide solution parameters. Liquid
chemical penetration in the selected fabrics was conducted according
to ASTM-F2130-01 method. Percent pesticide penetration through
the fabrics was assessed by two methods: 1) gas chromatographic
analysis ( GC ) and 2) gravimetric analysis. Empirical model based on gas chromatographic analysis method
(Model 1) is as follows: P1 = -116.5 t - 299.4 n + 191.7
[ Model 1]
where, t is fabric thickness, n is the solid volume fraction.
Fabric thickness appears to be the most significant parameter,
followed by solid volume fraction. Empirical model based ongravimetric analysis of data (Model 2)
gave the following regression equation: P2 = -107.7 t -23 g + 1.3 g2 -11.2
h + 155.4
[Model 2]
where, t is fabric thickness, g is surface tension difference,
and h is viscosity of pesticide solution. Based on the gravimetric analysis of data, fabric thickness,
surface tension difference and liquid viscosity were found to
be the most significant parameters that predict pesticide penetration
in woven fabrics. Model 2, has higher R-square value than
Model 1, suggesting that it is a better model. However, gravimetric
analysis overestimates the actual chemical active ingredient penetration
because it measures the total mass of liquid chemical penetration
rather than the active ingredient alone, as measured by
GC analysis. Nevertheless, gravimetric analysis is a simpler and
less expensive method thus, it may be used as a substitute for
GC analysis. Protection performance results, which include barrier properties
as well as textile comfort related properties, showed a significant
negative correlation with air permeability of fabrics.
NYC studied the use of synthetic membrane to evaluate the kinetics
of pesticide transport from contaminated work clothing to human
skin. Rates of transport of pesticide through the test system
with and without the presence of fabric were both diffusion-limited.
Denim and shirt-weight fabrics treated with various finishes were
investigated. Carboxymethylated fabrics showed penetration
of pesticide higher than the synthetic membrane alone, while the
bleached and mercerized fabrics showed lower penetration of pesticides.
The denim fabric resulted in much greater reduction of pesticide
penetration than the shirt-weight fabrics. Work began using
the 3D body scanner as a tool for analysis of the fit and design
of protective clothing. Protocols were developed for capturing
body scans, measuring methodologies were established, and supplementary
software was purchased. A collaborative project with MI
was initiated to address the size, shape, and angle of the brims
of sun protective hats. Six female golfers were scanned
in three golfing positions while wearing 5 different hat styles.
This resulted in a total of 90 3D scans. NYC also
conducted an inservice training, developed two portable exhibits
(one in collaboration with IA and MI), and maintained and enhanced
the NC-170 website.
Objective 1: To assess the viability of various textile systems
for hand and body protection for selected occupations. B. Design and Human Factors Analysis of the data from the1999 Polk County
IA survey with regard to sun safety attitudes related to age revealed
some age-related differences, but many similarities in understanding
of sun safety. Older respondents were more likely to cover
up with light-colored clothing to prevent sunburn and more likely
to use a parasol for sun protection than younger ones. Younger
respondents were more likely to agree sunscreen can reduce and
combat signs of aging. Younger respondents were more likely to
agree a tan made them feel sexier or show off their body or physique.
Both age groups agreed the sun improved their mood, but disagreed
that skin cancer is essentially a problem of older people.
Most had received some sun-safety information before the survey,
but 25% said they had received no previous information on sun
safety and skin cancer. This shows the need for additional
educational efforts and it is likely that emphasis on appearance
may be less useful with older than with younger people.
Attitudes toward use of clothing as UV protection requires further
study. A laundering study of jersey and pique-stitch
knit shirts showed that machine washing with household detergents
containing brighteners increased fabric UPF whether measured by
a Cary UV-Visible Spectrophotometer or the ISO-Met® UV meter.
A high correlation was found between readings from the two instruments.
Before laundering shirt UPF was about 15, but after five launderings
UPF 30 was exceeded. C. Outreach A major educational effort at Farm Progress Show included information
about use of shirts and textile fabrics for sun protection. A
survey of exhibit visitors sun safety attitudes and shirt preferences
was conducted.
The Oklahoma research focused on a multidisciplinary research
project funded with external funding. The project developed and
tested two alternative personal cooling textile systems designed
for use by HAZMAT first responders to terrorist threats.
Work on the most promising system is continuing. A program
of textile testing was conducted to ascertain the most promising
textile candidates. A presentation reported last year’s
sun protective headgear study.
Results from two surveys were analyzed and manuscripts are being
prepared. Ten questions about attitudes and practices regarding
sun safety were included in a quarterly survey of MI citizens
conducted by the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research
at Michigan State University. Households were selected in a stratified
random sample and useful data were obtained from 978 respondents,
515 women and 463 men. Females and older adults were significantly
more likely to take protective actions to reduce sun exposure.
Respondents who were young and those who were single were significantly
more likely to sunbathe. In a second study the attitudes and practices
of 353 young adults were studied in more detail. Responses were
submitted on-line or on paper. Over half agree that one looks
healthier and more attractive with a suntan and over forty percent
believe it is good to use a tanning booth. Beliefs about appearance
must be considered when preparing educational material. (Objective
1B) Pilot dosimetry work and an experimental study in body scanning
were completed in preparation for the new project. Dr. Anugrah Shaw
E-mail: ashaw@mail.umes.edu Dept. of Human Ecology
Tel. 410-651-6064 University of Maryland Eastern Shore
Fax: 410-651-6207 Princess Anne, MD 21853 In 2001, ASTM F213-01 entitled “Standard Method for Measuring
Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation
through Protective Clothing Materials” was approved as an
ASTM standard. This year, I served as a US delegate for
the ISO TC94/SC13 Working Group 3. During the meeting held in
April 2002, the comments submitted by member countries for the
ISO 22608 draft were discussed. In addition, inclusion of a simpler
gravimetric method for analysis was proposed to the group. The
ISO draft was revised to incorporate the revisions agreed upon
during the meeting as well as the new gravimetric method. The
revised draft was sent to NC-170 members prior to the annual meeting.
Textile database developed at UMES as part of NC-170 was converted
to an internet-based system entitled “Work and Protective
Clothing for Agricultural Workers”. This is being refined
and will be submitted for copyright by the end of this year. Additional
studies were also conducted to a) better understand the role of
the physio-chemical properties of formulations in pesticide penetration
, b) develop challenge liquids that can be used in place of pesticide
formulations, and c) pursue the possibilities of using gravimetric
analysis for measuring penetration of challenge liquids for statistical
modeling. It was concluded that additional work with a broader
range of pesticides and formulations be completed prior to the
development of statistical model that can be validated for a wide
range of fabrics and formulations.
CA continued cooperative work with the California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) on changes that
could improve the protective clothing worn by wildland fire fighters.
A research project has been designed to evaluate the effects of
various types of emblems and internal and external moisture on
thermal protection of CDF's protective clothing. Research
on clothing materials was also conducted. In addition, preliminary
analyses of CA data on how lawn care company employees use, care
for, and dispose of protective clothing have been completed. Analyses
of the combination of CA and MI data are in progress.
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